Science

Nerd out on the clinical evidence for our ingredients.

Vitamin B1

Azadimoghtader, M. (2016). Effect of Vitamine B1 on the intensity primary dysmenorrheal.Preventive Care in Nursing & Midwifery Journal,6(1), 1-7.

Gokhale, L. B. (1996). Curative treatment of primary (spasmodic) dysmenorrhoea.The Indian journal of medical research,103, 227-231

Hosseinlou, A., Alinejad, V., Alinejad, M., & Aghakhani, N. (2014). Effects of fish oil capsules and vitamin B1 tablets on duration and severity of dysmenorrhea in students of high school in Urmia-Iran.Global journal of health science,6(7), 124

Montiel-Ruiz, R. M., González-Trujano, M. E., & Deciga-Campos, M. (2013). Synergistic interactions between the antinociceptive effect of Rhodiola rosea extract and B vitamins in the mouse formalin test.Phytomedicine,20(14), 1280-1287

Nayeban, S., Jafarnejad, F., Nayeban, S., & Sefidgaran, A. (2014). A Comparison of the Effects of Vitamin E and Vitamin B1 on the Severity and Duration of Pain in Primary Dysmenorrhea.Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health,2(2), 143-146

Tofighi Niaki, M., Zafari, M., & Aghamohammady, A. (2012). Comparison of the effect of Vitamin B1 and Acupuncture on Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea.ISCA J Biological Sci,1(1), 62-6

Zafari, M., Aghamohammady, A., & Tofighi, M. (2011). Comparing the effect of vitamin B1 (vit. B1) and ibuberofen on the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.Afr J Pharm Pharmacol,5(7), 874-8

Zamani, M., & Soltan, B. F. (2001). Evaluation the treatment effect of vitamin B1 in primary dysmenorrhea

Vitamin B6

Abraham, G. E., & Hargrove, J. T. (1981). Effect of vitamin B-6 on premenstrual symptomatology in women with premenstrual tension syndromes: a double blind crossover study.Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey,36(5), 259-261

Adams, P. W., Wynn, V., Rose, D. P., Seed, M., Folkard, J., & Strong, R. (1973). Effect of pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin B6) upon depression associated with oral contraception.The Lancet,301(7809), 897-904

Barr, W. (1984). Pyridoxine supplements in the premenstrual syndrome.The Practitioner,228(1390), 425

Brush, M. G., Bennett, T., & Hansen, K. (1988). Pyridoxine in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome: a retrospective survey in 630 patients.The British journal of clinical practice,42(11), 448-452

Brush MG. Vitamin B6 treatment of premenstrual syndrome. In: Leklem JE, Reynolds RD, eds. Clinical and physiological applications of vitamin B6. New York: Liss, 1988: 363-79. (Current topics in nutrition and disease, vol 19)

Colin C. Studies on the treatment of mastalgia. Rev Med Brux 1982;3:605-9

Day, J. B. (1979). Clinical trials in the premenstrual syndrome.Current Medical Research and Opinion,6(sup5), 40-45

De Souza, M. C., Walker, A. F., Robinson, P. A., & Bolland, K. (2000). A synergistic effect of a daily supplement for 1 month of 200 mg magnesium plus 50 mg vitamin B6 for the relief of anxiety-related premenstrual symptoms: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study.Journal of women's health & gender-based medicine,9(2), 131-139

Diegoli, M. S. C., Da Fonseca, A. M., Diegoli, C. A., & Pinotti, J. A. (1998). A double‐blind trial of four medications to treat severe premenstrual syndrome.International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics,62(1), 63-67

Doll, H., Brown, S., Thurston, A., & Vessey, M. (1989). Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) and the premenstrual syndrome: a randomized crossover trial.The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners,39(326), 364-368

Ebrahimi, E., Motlagh, S. K., Nemati, S., & Tavakoli, Z. (2012). Effects of magnesium and vitamin b6 on the severity of premenstrual syndrome symptoms.Journal of caring sciences,1(4), 183

Fathizadeh, N., Ebrahimi, E., Valiani, M., Tavakoli, N., & Yar, M. H. (2010). Evaluating the effect of magnesium and magnesium plus vitamin B6 supplement on the severity of premenstrual syndrome.Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research,15(Suppl1), 401

Jia-li, C. (2011, December). Clinical observation about 40 cases of primary dysmenorrheal with the treatment of Marvelon & Vitamin B6. In2011 IEEE International Symposium on IT in Medicine and Education(Vol. 1, pp. 517-519). IEEE

Kashanian, M., Mazinani, R., Jalalmanesh, S., & Babayanzad Ahari, S. (2007). Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) therapy for premenstrual syndrome.International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics,96(1), 43-44

Kendall, K. (1985). The effects of vitamin B6 supplementation on premenstrual symptoms

Kerr, G. D. (1977). The management of the premenstrual syndrome.Current Medical Research and Opinion,4(sup4), 29-34

Kiani, F., Sayehmiri, K., Sayehmiri, F., Naghdi, N., Ghafari, M., Asadi-Samani, M., & Bahmani, M. (2016). Effects of vitamin B6 on premenstrual syndrome: A systematic review and meta-Analysis.Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences,9(3), 1346-1353

Lauritzen, C. H., Reuter, H. D., Repges, R., Böhnert, K. J., & Schmidt, U. (1997). Treatment of premenstrual tension syndrome with Vitex agnus castus controlled, double-blind study versus pyridoxine.Phytomedicine,4(3), 183-189

London, R. S., Bradley, L., & Chiamori, N. Y. (1991). Effect of a nutritional supplement on premenstrual symptomatology in women with premenstrual syndrome: a double-blind longitudinal study.Journal of the American College of Nutrition,10(5), 494-499

Malmgren, R., Collins, A., & Nilsson, C. G. (1987). Platelet serotonin uptake and effects of vitamin B6-treatment in premenstrual tension.Neuropsychobiology,18(2), 83-88

Masoumi, S. Z., Ataollahi, M., & Oshvandi, K. (2016). Effect of combined use of calcium and vitamin B6 on premenstrual syndrome symptoms: a randomized clinical trial.Journal of caring sciences,5(1), 67

Mattes, J. A., & Martin, D. (1982). Pyridoxine in premenstrual depression.Human nutrition: Applied nutritionMotesharee, E., Rahimi, E., Asadi, N., Jafari, M., & Mehbodi, M. (2013). Effects of Flexibility Exercise and Supplement Vitamin B6 on Primary Dysmenorrhea in Female Non-Athletes.Armaghane danesh,18(7), 509-519

Montiel-Ruiz, R. M., González-Trujano, M. E., & Deciga-Campos, M. (2013). Synergistic interactions between the antinociceptive effect of Rhodiola rosea extract and B vitamins in the mouse formalin test.Phytomedicine,20(14), 1280-1287

Salehi, L., & Salehi, F. (2007). Comparative study of vitamin B6 versus placebo in premenstrual syndrome

Shaik, M. M., & Gan, S. H. (2015). Vitamin supplementation as possible prophylactic treatment against migraine with aura and menstrual migraine.BioMed research international,2015Sharma, P., Kulshreshtha, S., Singh, G. M., & Bhagoliwal, A. (2007). Role of bromocriptine and pyridoxine in premenstrual tension syndrome.Indian J Physiol Pharmacol,51(4), 368-74

Smallwood, J., Ah-Kye, D., & Taylor, I. (1986). Vitamin B6 in the treatment of pre-menstrual mastalgia.The British journal of clinical practice,40(12), 532

Stewart, A. (1987). Clinical and biochemical effects of nutritional supplementation on the premenstrual syndrome.The Journal of reproductive medicine,32(6), 435-441

Stokes, J., & Mendels, J. (1972). Pyridoxine and premenstrual tension.Lancet (London, England),1(7761), 1177

Williams, M. J., Harris, R. I., & Dean, B. C. (1985). Controlled trial of pyridoxine in the premenstrual syndrome.Journal of international medical research,13(3), 174-179

Wyatt, K. M., Dimmock, P. W., Jones, P. W., & O'Brien, P. S. (1999). Efficacy of vitamin B-6 in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome: systematic review.Bmj,318(7195), 1375-1381.

Vitamin B12

Balcı, Y. I., Karabulut, A., Gürses, D., & Çövüt, İ. E. (2012). Prevalence and risk factors of anemia among adolescents in Denizli, Turkey.Iranian journal of pediatrics,22(1), 77

EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA). (2010). Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to vitamin B12 and contribution to normal neurological and psychological functions (ID 95, 97, 98, 100, 102, 109), contribution to normal homocysteine metabolism (ID 96, 103, 106), maintenance of normal bone (ID 104), maintenance of normal teeth (ID 104), maintenance of normal hair (ID 104), maintenance of normal skin (ID 104), maintenance of normal nails (ID 104), reduction of tiredness and fatigue (ID 108), and cell division (ID 212 ....EFSA Journal,8(10), 1756

McRae, T. D., & Freedman, M. L. (1989). Why vitamin B 12 deficiency should be managed aggressively.Geriatrics,44(11)

Montiel-Ruiz, R. M., González-Trujano, M. E., & Deciga-Campos, M. (2013). Synergistic interactions between the antinociceptive effect of Rhodiola rosea extract and B vitamins in the mouse formalin test.Phytomedicine,20(14), 1280-1287

Shaik, M. M., & Gan, S. H. (2015). Vitamin supplementation as possible prophylactic treatment against migraine with aura and menstrual migraine.BioMed research international,2015Shamah-Levy, T., Villalpando, S., Mejía-Rodríguez, F., Cuevas-Nasu, L., Gaona-Pineda, E. B., Rangel-Baltazar, E., & Zambrano-Mujica, N. (2015). Prevalence of iron, folate, and vitamin B12 deficiencies in 20 to 49 years old women: Ensanut 2012.salud pública de méxico,57, 385-393

Wolffenbuttel, B. H., Wouters, H. J., Heiner-Fokkema, M. R., & van der Klauw, M. M. (2019). The many faces of cobalamin (Vitamin B12) deficiency.Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality & Outcomes,3(2), 200-214

Calcium

Akhlaghi, F., Hamedi, A., Javadi, Z., & Hosseinipoor, F. (2004). Effects of calcium supplementation on premenstrual syndrome.Razi Journal of Medical Sciences,10(37), 669-675

Alvir, J. M., & Thys-Jacobs, S. (1991). Premenstrual and menstrual symptom clusters and response to calcium treatment.Psychopharmacology bulletinBertone-Johnson, E. R., Hankinson, S. E., Bendich, A., Johnson, S. R., Willett, W. C., & Manson, J. E. (2005). Calcium and vitamin D intake and risk of incident premenstrual syndrome.Archives of internal medicine,165(11), 1246-1252

Ghalwa, N. A., Qedra, R., & Wahedy, K. (2014). Impact of calcium and magnesium dietary changes on women pain and discomfort from premenstrual syndrome at the Faculty of Pharmacy-Gaza strip.World J Pharm Pharm Sci,3, 981-1005

Ghanbari, Z., Haghollahi, F., Shariat, M., Foroshani, A. R., & Ashrafi, M. (2009). Effects of calcium supplement therapy in women with premenstrual syndrome.Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology,48(2), 124-129

Kermani, A. Z., Taavoni, S., & Hosseini, A. F. (2010). Effect of combined calcium and vitamin E consumption on premenstrual syndrome.Iran Journal of Nursing,23(65), 8-14

Kia, A. S., Amani, R., & Cheraghian, B. (2015). The association between the risk of premenstrual syndrome and vitamin D, calcium, and magnesium status among university students: a case control study.Health promotion perspectives,5(3), 225

Masoumi, S. Z., Ataollahi, M., & Oshvandi, K. (2016). Effect of combined use of calcium and vitamin B6 on premenstrual syndrome symptoms: a randomized clinical trial.Journal of caring sciences,5(1), 67

Penland, J. G., & Johnson, P. E. (1993). Dietary calcium and manganese effects on menstrual cycle symptoms.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology,168(5), 1417-1423

Sharma, G., & Tandon, P. (2015). Luteal phase serum calcium and serum magnesium levels in causation of premenstrual syndrome.Int J Basic Appl Physiol,4(1), 126

Shobeiri, F., Araste, F. E., Ebrahimi, R., Jenabi, E., & Nazari, M. (2017). Effect of calcium on premenstrual syndrome: A double-blind randomized clinical trial.Obstetrics & gynecology science,60(1), 100-105

Sutariya, S., Talsania, N., Shah, C., & Patel, M. (2011). An interventional study (calcium supplementation & health education) on premenstrual syndrome-effect on premenstrual and menstrual symptoms.Natl J Community Med,2, 100-104

Thys-Jacobs, S., Ceccarelli, S., Bierman, A., Weisman, H., Cohen, M. A., & Alvir, J. (1989). Calcium supplementation in premenstrual syndrome.Journal of General Internal Medicine,4(3), 183-189

Thys-Jacobs, S., Starkey, P., Bernstein, D., Tian, J., & Premenstrual Syndrome Study Group. (1998). Calcium carbonate and the premenstrual syndrome: effects on premenstrual and menstrual symptoms.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology,179(2), 444-452

Magnesium

De Souza, M. C., Walker, A. F., Robinson, P. A., & Bolland, K. (2000). A synergistic effect of a daily supplement for 1 month of 200 mg magnesium plus 50 mg vitamin B6 for the relief of anxiety-related premenstrual symptoms: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study.Journal of women's health & gender-based medicine,9(2), 131-139

Ebrahimi, E., Motlagh, S. K., Nemati, S., & Tavakoli, Z. (2012). Effects of magnesium and vitamin b6 on the severity of premenstrual syndrome symptoms.Journal of caring sciences,1(4), 183

Facchinetti, F., Borella, P., Sances, G., Fioroni, L., Nappi, R. E., & Genazzani, A. R. (1991). Oral magnesium successfully relieves premenstrual mood changes.Obstetrics and Gynecology,78(2), 177-181

Facchinetti, F., Sances, G., Borella, P., Genazzani, A. R., & Nappi, G. (1991). Magnesium prophylaxis of menstrual migraine: effects on intracellular magnesium.Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain,31(5), 298-301

Fathizadeh, N., Ebrahimi, E., Valiani, M., Tavakoli, N., & Yar, M. H. (2010). Evaluating the effect of magnesium and magnesium plus vitamin B6 supplement on the severity of premenstrual syndrome.Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research,15(Suppl1), 401

Ghalwa, N. A., Qedra, R., & Wahedy, K. (2014). Impact of calcium and magnesium dietary changes on women pain and discomfort from premenstrual syndrome at the Faculty of Pharmacy-Gaza strip.World J Pharm Pharm Sci,3, 981-1005

Kia, A. S., Amani, R., & Cheraghian, B. (2015). The association between the risk of premenstrual syndrome and vitamin D, calcium, and magnesium status among university students: a case control study.Health promotion perspectives,5(3), 225

London, R. S., Bradley, L., & Chiamori, N. Y. (1991). Effect of a nutritional supplement on premenstrual symptomatology in women with premenstrual syndrome: a double-blind longitudinal study.Journal of the American College of Nutrition,10(5), 494-499

Mauskop, A., Altura, B. T., & Altura, B. M. (2002). Serum ionized magnesium levels and serum ionized calcium/ionized magnesium ratios in women with menstrual migraine.Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain,42(4), 242-248

Posaci, C., Erten, O., Üren, A., & Acar, B. (1994). Plasma copper, zinc and magnesium levels in patients with premenstrual tension syndrome.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica,73(6), 452-455

Quaranta, S., Buscaglia, M. A., Meroni, M. G., Colombo, E., & Cella, S. (2007). Pilot study of the efficacy and safety of a modified-release magnesium 250mg tablet (Sincromag®) for the treatment of premenstrual syndrome.Clinical drug investigation,27(1), 51-58

Rosenstein, D. L., Elin, R. J., Hosseini, J. M., Grover, G., & Rubinow, D. R. (1994). Magnesium measures across the menstrual cycle in premenstrual syndrome.Biological psychiatry,35(8), 557-561

Sharma, G., & Tandon, P. (2015). Luteal phase serum calcium and serum magnesium levels in causation of premenstrual syndrome.Int J Basic Appl Physiol,4(1), 126

Sherwood, R. A., Rocks, B. F., Stewart, A., & Saxton, R. S. (1986). Magnesium and the premenstrual syndrome.Annals of clinical biochemistry,23(6), 667-670

Stewart, A. (1987). Clinical and biochemical effects of nutritional supplementation on the premenstrual syndrome.The Journal of reproductive medicine,32(6), 435-441

Walker, A. F., De Souza, M. C., Vickers, M. F., Abeyasekera, S., Collins, M. L., & Trinca, L. A. (1998). Magnesium supplementation alleviates premenstrual symptoms of fluid retention.Journal of Women's health,7(9), 1157-1165

Iron

Balcı, Y. I., Karabulut, A., Gürses, D., & Çövüt, İ. E. (2012). Prevalence and risk factors of anemia among adolescents in Denizli, Turkey.Iranian journal of pediatrics,22(1), 77

Beard, J. L. (2000). Iron requirements in adolescent females.The Journal of nutrition,130(2), 440S-442S

Bruner, A. B., Joffe, A., Duggan, A. K., Casella, J. F., & Brandt, J. (1996). Randomised study of cognitive effects of iron supplementation in non-anaemic iron-deficient adolescent girls.The Lancet,348(9033), 992-996

Cheong, R. L., Kuizon, M. D., & Tajaon, R. T. (1991). Menstrual blood loss and iron nutrition in Filipino women.Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health,22(4), 595-604

Gür-Özmen, S., & Karahan-Özcan, R. (2016). Iron deficiency anemia is associated with menstrual migraine: A case–control study.Pain Medicine,17(3), 596-605

Harvey, L. J., Armah, C. N., Dainty, J. R., Foxall, R. J., Lewis, D. J., Langford, N. J., & Fairweather-Tait, S. J. (2005). Impact of menstrual blood loss and diet on iron deficiency among women in the UK.British journal of nutrition,94(4), 557-564

Looker, A. C., Dallman, P. R., Carroll, M. D., Gunter, E. W., & Johnson, C. L. (1997). Prevalence of iron deficiency in the United States.Jama,277(12), 973-976

Morey, S. S. (1998). CDC issues guidelines for prevention, detection and treatment of iron deficiency.American family physician,58(6), 1475

Petranovic, D., Batinac, T., Petranovic, D., Ruzic, A., & Ruzic, T. (2008). Iron deficiency anaemia influences cognitive functions.Medical hypotheses,70(1), 70-72

Pollitt, E. (1993). Iron deficiency and cognitive function.Annual review of nutrition,13(1), 521-537

Shamah-Levy, T., Villalpando, S., Mejía-Rodríguez, F., Cuevas-Nasu, L., Gaona-Pineda, E. B., Rangel-Baltazar, E., & Zambrano-Mujica, N. (2015). Prevalence of iron, folate, and vitamin B12 deficiencies in 20 to 49 years old women: Ensanut 2012.salud pública de méxico,57, 385-393

Sinha, M., Patel, A. H., Naik, S., & Jadeja, J. M. Effect Of Anemia On Premenstrual Syndrome In Adolescent Girls.Society of Basic and Applied Physiology, 104

Zinc

Chuong, C. J., & Dawson, E. B. (1994). Zinc and copper levels in premenstrual syndrome.Fertility and sterility,62(2), 313-320

Eby, G. A. (2007). Zinc treatment prevents dysmenorrhea.Medical Hypotheses,69(2), 297-301

Fathizadeh, S., Amani, R., Haghighizadeh, M. H., & Hormozi, R. (2016). Comparison of serum zinc concentrations and body antioxidant status between young women with premenstrual syndrome and normal controls: A case-control study.International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine,14(11), 699

Kashefi, F., Khajehei, M., Tabatabaeichehr, M., Alavinia, M., & Asili, J. (2014). Comparison of the effect of ginger and zinc sulfate on primary dysmenorrhea: a placebo-controlled randomized trial.Pain Management Nursing,15(4), 826-833

Javanmardi, M., Momtazpour, M., Shahtalebi, M. A., & Araban, M. (2016). The effects of Zinc Acetate capsule on the intensity of primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial.The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility,19(25), 1-7

Posaci, C., Erten, O., Üren, A., & Acar, B. (1994). Plasma copper, zinc and magnesium levels in patients with premenstrual tension syndrome.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica,73(6), 452-455

Sangestani, G., Khatiban, M., Marci, R., & Piva, I. (2015). The positive effects of zinc supplements on the improvement of primary dysmenorrhea and premenstrual symptoms: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial.Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health,3(3), 378-384

Siahbazi, S., Behboudi‐Gandevani, S., Moghaddam‐Banaem, L., & Montazeri, A. (2017). Effect of zinc sulfate supplementation on premenstrual syndrome and health‐related quality of life: Clinical randomized controlled trial.Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research,43(5), 887-894

Teimoori, B., Ghasemi, M., Hoseini, Z. S. A., & Razavi, M. (2016). The efficacy of zinc administration in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.Oman medical journal,31(2), 107

Zekavat, O. R., Karimi, M. Y., Amanat, A., & Alipour, F. (2015). A randomised controlled trial of oral zinc sulphate for primary dysmenorrhoea in adolescent females.Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,55(4), 369-373

Calendula

Chemli, R., Toumi, A., Oueslati, S., Zouaghi, H., Boukef, K., & Balansard, G. (1990). Calendula arvensis L. Impact of saponins on toxicity, hemolytic effect, and anti-inflammatory activity.Journal de pharmacie de Belgique,45(1), 12-16

Della Loggia, R., Tubaro, A., Sosa, S., Becker, H., & Isaac, O. (1994). The role of triterpenoids in the topical anti-inflammatory activity of Calendula officinalis flowers.Planta medica,60(06), 516-520

Hamburger, M., Adler, S., Baumann, D., Förg, A., & Weinreich, B. (2003). Preparative purification of the major anti-inflammatory triterpenoid esters from Marigold (Calendula officinalis).Fitoterapia,74(4), 328-338

Shahidi, S., Mahmoodi, M., & Farahmandlou, N. (2012). Antinociceptive properties of hydro-alcoholic extract of calendula officinalis in rat.Basic and Clinical Neuroscience,3(5), 45-48

Ukiya, M., Akihisa, T., Yasukawa, K., Tokuda, H., Suzuki, T., & Kimura, Y. (2006). Anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor-promoting, and cytotoxic activities of constituents of marigold (Calendula officinalis) flowers.Journal of natural products,69(12), 1692-1696

Dong Quai

Bo, L., Yaling, Z., & Huinan, Y. (1995). Influence of Angelica sinensis and A. acutiloba on Isolated smooth Muscle of Rat Uteri [J].Pharmacology and Clinics of Chinese Materia Medica,6Dai, N., Fang, L., Li, Y. B., Wang, Y. M., Yin, J., & Pu, B. C. (2014). Effect of Jingqian Zhitong Fang on serum sex hormone levels in women with primary dysmenorrhea.Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine,2014Du, J., Yu, Y., Ke, Y., Wang, C., Zhu, L., & Qian, Z. M. (2007). Ligustilide attenuates pain behavior induced by acetic acid or formalin.Journal of ethnopharmacology,112(1), 211-214

Fang, L., Lai, X. Y., & Zhang, Y. J. (2011). The clinical observation of JQF for the treatment of primary dysmenorrheal.Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine,29(11), 2480-2481

Hou, Y. Z., Zhao, G. R., Yuan, Y. J., Zhu, G. G., & Hiltunen, R. (2005). Inhibition of rat vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by extract of Ligusticum chuanxiong and Angelica sinensis.Journal of Ethnopharmacology,100(1-2), 140-144

Hui, Z. I., & Zhu-hui, Z. Z. Q. (2009). Research on the Decreasing Function of Evodia Rutaecarpa Angelica Sinensis Ethanol Extract on Contractile Activity of Uterine Smooth Muscle Strips of Virginal Rats [J].Chinese archives of traditional chinese medicine,4Li, J., Hua, Y., Ji, P., Yao, W., Zhao, H., Zhong, L., & Wei, Y. (2016). Effects of volatile oils of Angelica sinensis on an acute inflammation rat model.Pharmaceutical biology,54(9), 1881-1890

Pu, B. C., Fang, L., Gao, L. N., Liu, R., & Li, A. Z. (2015). Animal study on primary dysmenorrhoea treatment at different administration times.Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine,2015Sheng, Y., Guofang, Q., Zhifeng, L., Ke, L., & Jialing, W. (2000). Effect of the oil of angelica sinensis on the contractile function of isolated uterine smooth muscle of mice.Zhong cao yao= Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs,31(8), 604-606

Shi, M., Chang, L., & He, G. (1995). Stimulating action of Carthamus tinctorius L., Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels and Leonurus sibiricus L. on the uterus.Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi= Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi= China journal of Chinese materia medica,20(3), 173

Yu, Y., Lin, B. Q., Yu, L., Hua, Y. Q., Duan, J. A., & Li, S. P. (2009). Inhibitory Effects of Two Ferulates from on Platelet Aggregation and Oxytocin-induced Uterine Contraction.The Open Bioactive Compounds Journal,2(1)

Ginger

Daily, J. W., Zhang, X., Kim, D. S., & Park, S. (2015). Efficacy of ginger for alleviating the symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.Pain Medicine,16(12), 2243-2255

Jenabi, E. (2013). The effect of ginger for relieving of primary dysmenorrhoea.J Pak Med Assoc,63(1), 8-10

Kashefi, F., Khajehei, M., Tabatabaeichehr, M., Alavinia, M., & Asili, J. (2014). Comparison of the effect of ginger and zinc sulfate on primary dysmenorrhea: a placebo-controlled randomized trial.Pain Management Nursing,15(4), 826-833

Khayat, S., Kheirkhah, M., Behboodi Moghadam, Z., Fanaei, H., Kasaeian, A., & Javadimehr, M. (2014). Effect of treatment with ginger on the severity of premenstrual syndrome symptoms.International Scholarly Research Notices,2014Mascolo, N., Jain, R., Jain, S. C., & Capasso, F. (1989). Ethnopharmacologic investigation of ginger (Zingiber officinale).Journal of ethnopharmacology,27(1-2), 129-140

Ozgoli, G., Goli, M., & Moattar, F. (2009). Comparison of effects of ginger, m*fenamic acid, and ibuprofen on pain in women with primary dysmenorrhea.The journal of alternative and complementary medicine,15(2), 129-132

Rahnama, P., Montazeri, A., Huseini, H. F., Kianbakht, S., & Naseri, M. (2012). Effect of Zingiber officinale R. rhizomes (ginger) on pain relief in primary dysmenorrhea: a placebo randomized trial.BMC complementary and alternative medicine,12(1), 92

Rayati, F., Hajmanouchehri, F., & Najafi, E. (2017). Comparison of anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Ginger powder and Ibuprofen in postsurgical pain model: A randomized, double-blind, case–control clinical trial.Dental research journal,14(1), 1

Shirvani, M. A., Motahari-Tabari, N., & Alipour, A. (2015). The effect of m*fenamic acid and ginger on pain relief in primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized clinical trial.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics,291(6), 1277-1281

Ginkgo Biloba

Alsmadi, A. M., Tawalbeh, L. I., Gammoh, O. S., Shawagfeh, M. Q., Zalloum, W., Ashour, A., & Attarian, H. (2018). The effect of Ginkgo biloba and psycho-education on stress, anxiety and fatigue among refugees. Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare, 27(1), 26-32.

Johnson, S. K., Diamond, B. J., Rausch, S., Kaufman, M., Shiflett, S. C., & Graves, L. (2006). The effect of Ginkgo biloba on functional measures in multiple sclerosis: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Explore, 2(1), 19-24.

Kan, J., Hu, C., Chen, L., Liu, S., Venzon, D., Murray, M., ... & Du, J. (2020). A botanical product containing cistanche and ginkgo extracts improves chronic fatigue syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Kehr, J., Yoshitake, S., Ijiri, S., Koch, E., Nöldner, M., & Yoshitake, T. (2012). Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (EGb 761®) and its specific acylated flavonol constituents increase dopamine and acetylcholine levels in the rat medial prefrontal cortex: possible implications for the cognitive enhancing properties of EGb 761®. International psychogeriatrics, 24(S1), S25.

Mashayekh, A., Pham, D. L., Yousem, D. M., Dizon, M., Barker, P. B., & Lin, D. D. (2011). Effects of Ginkgo biloba on cerebral blood flow assessed by quantitative MR perfusion imaging: a pilot study. Neuroradiology, 53(3), 185-191.

Ozgoli, G., Selselei, E. A., Mojab, F., & Majd, H. A. (2009). A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of Ginkgo biloba L. in treatment of premenstrual syndrome. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 15(8), 845-851.

Reay, J. L., van Schaik, P., & Wilson, C. J. (2019). A systematic review of research investigating the physiological and psychological effects of combining Ginkgo biloba and Panax ginseng into a single treatment in humans: Implications for research design and analysis. Brain and behavior, 9(3), e01217.

Ribeiro, M. L., Moreira, L. M., Arçari, D. P., dos Santos, L. F., Marques, A. C., Pedrazzoli Jr, J., & Cerutti, S. M. (2016). Protective effects of chronic treatment with a standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba L. in the prefrontal cortex and dorsal hippocampus of middle-aged rats. Behavioural Brain Research, 313, 144-150.

Shi, C., Xiao, S., Liu, J., Guo, K., Wu, F., Yew, D. T., & Xu, J. (2010). Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 protects against aging-associated mitochondrial dysfunction in platelets and hippocampi of SAMP8 mice. Platelets, 21(5), 373-379.

Wesnes, K. W., Faleni, R. A., Hefting, N. R., & Hoogsteen, G. (1997). The cognitive, subjective, and physical effects of a Ginkgo biloba/Panax ginseng combination in healthy volunteers with neurasthenic complaints. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 33(4), 677.

Wesnes, K. A., Ward, T., McGinty, A., & Petrini, O. (2000). The memory enhancing effects of a Ginkgo biloba/Panax ginseng combination in healthy middle-aged volunteers. Psychopharmacology, 152(4), 353-361.

Zhang, Z. J., Tong, Y., Zou, J., Chen, P. J., & Yu, D. H. (2009). Dietary supplement with a combination of Rhodiola crenulata and Ginkgo biloba enhances the endurance performance in healthy volunteers. Chinese journal of integrative medicine, 15(3), 177-183.

Eleuthero

Bogatova, R. I., Shlykova, L. V., Sal'nitskiĭ, V. P., & Vikman, G. (1997). Evaluation of the effect of a single dose of phytoadaptogen on human's working ability during long-term isolation. Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina= Aerospace and environmental medicine, 31(4), 51-54.

Hartz, A. J., Bentler, S., Noyes, R., Hoehns, J., Logemann, C., Sinift, S., ... & Kautzman, H. (2004). Randomized controlled trial of Siberian ginseng for chronic fatigue. Psychological medicine, 34(1), 51-61.

Huang, L. Z., Wei, L., Zhao, H. F., Huang, B. K., Rahman, K., & Qin, L. P. (2011). The effect of Eleutheroside E on behavioral alterations in murine sleep deprivation stress model. European journal of pharmacology, 658(2-3), 150-155.

Narimanian, M., Badalyan, M., Panosyan, V., Gabrielyan, E., Panossian, A., Wikman, G., & Wagner, H. (2005). Impact of Chisan®(ADAPT-232) on the quality-of-life and its efficacy as an adjuvant in the treatment of acute non-specific pneumonia. Phytomedicine, 12(10), 723-729.

Panossian, A., & Wikman, G. (2009). Evidence-based efficacy of adaptogens in fatigue, and molecular mechanisms related to their stress-protective activity. Current clinical pharmacology, 4(3), 198-219.

Fenugreek

Deepa, K. K., Pradeep, H. R., & Shashikant, M. P. Clinical evaluation of methika (Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn.) and chandrasura (Lepidium sativum Linn.) on kashtarthava (primary dysmenorrhoea)

Inanmdar, W., Sultana, A., Mubeen, U., & Rahman, K. (2016). Clinical efficacy of Trigonella foenum graecum (Fenugreek) and dry cupping therapy on intensity of pain in patients with primary dysmenorrhea.Chinese journal of integrative medicine, 1-8

Liu, Y. F., Wang, T. F., Shi, M. Y., & Wang, D. H. (2011). Effect observation on treatment of dysmenorrhea due to endometriosis (adenomyosis) with Modified Fenugreek Bolus in 40 cases.China Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy,1, 059

Masoumi, S. Z., Shayan, A., Ahmadinia, H., Ebrahimi, R., Ahmadi Niyatabesh, R., Moradkhani, S., ... & Soltani, F. (2018). Effects of fenugreek seeds on the severity and duration of pain in primary dysmenorrhea in the students at Hamadan University of Medical sciences, Iran (2016).The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility,21(4), 25-33

Younesy, S., Amiraliakbari, S., Esmaeili, S., Alavimajd, H., & Nouraei, S. (2014). Effects of fenugreek seed on the severity and systemic symptoms of dysmenorrhea.Journal of reproduction & infertility,15(1), 41

Peppermint

Barker, S., Grayhem, P., Koon, J., Perkins, J., Whalen, A., & Raudenbush, B. (2003). Improved performance on clerical tasks associated with administration of peppermint odor. Perceptual and motor skills, 97(3), 1007-1010.

Ho, C., & Spence, C. (2005). Olfactory facilitation of dual-task performance. Neuroscience letters, 389(1), 35-40.

Ilmberger, J., Heuberger, E., Mahrhofer, C., Dessovic, H., Kowarik, D., & Buchbauer, G. (2001). The influence of essential oils on human attention. I: Alertness. Chemical Senses, 26(3), 239-245.

Meamarbashi, A., & Rajabi, A. (2013). The effects of peppermint on exercise performance. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 10(1), 15.

Moss, M., Hewitt, S., Moss, L., & Wesnes, K. (2008). Modulation of cognitive performance and mood by aromas of peppermint and ylang-ylang. International Journal of Neuroscience, 118(1), 59-77.

Norrish, M. I. K., & Dwyer, K. L. (2005). Preliminary investigation of the effect of peppermint oil on an objective measure of daytime sleepiness. International journal of psychophysiology, 55(3), 291-298.

Raudenbush, B., Corley, N., & Eppich, W. (2001). Enhancing athletic performance through the administration of peppermint odor. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 23(2), 156-160.

Raudenbush, B., Grayhem, R., Sears, T., & Wilson, I. (2009). Effects of peppermint and cinnamon odor administration on simulated driving alertness, mood and workload. North American Journal of Psychology, 11(2).

Warm, J. S., Dember, W. N., & Parasuraman, R. (1991). Effects of olfactory stimulation on performance and stress. J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem, 42(3), 199-210.

Rhodiola

Bangratz, M., Abdellah, S. A., Berlin, A., Blondeau, C., Guilbot, A., Dubourdeaux, M., & Lemoine, P. (2018). A preliminary assessment of a combination of rhodiola and saffron in the management of mild–moderate depression.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment,14, 1821

Bystritsky, A., Kerwin, L., & Feusner, J. D. (2008). A pilot study of Rhodiola rosea (Rhodax®) for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine,14(2), 175-180

Chatterjee, A., Sen, B., Das, S., & Chatterjee, T. K. (2015). Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of methanolic xtract of medicinal plant Rhodiola rosea rhizomes.International Journal of Pharmacolology Resesearch and Review,4(2), 1-8

Chen, Q. G., Zeng, Y. S., Qu, Z. Q., Tang, J. Y., Qin, Y. J., Chung, P., ... & Hägg, U. (2009). The effects of Rhodiola rosea extract on 5-HT level, cell proliferation and quantity of neurons at cerebral hippocampus of depressive rats.Phytomedicine,16(9), 830-838

Darbinyan, V., Kteyan, A., Panossian, A., Gabrielian, E., Wikman, G., & Wagner, H. (2000). Rhodiola rosea in stress induced fatigue—a double blind cross-over study of a standardized extract SHR-5 with a repeated low-dose regimen on the mental performance of healthy physicians during night duty.Phytomedicine,7(5), 365-371

Darbinyan, V., Aslanyan, G., Amroyan, E., Gabrielyan, E., Malmström, C., & Panossian, A. (2007). Clinical trial of Rhodiola rosea L. extract SHR-5 in the treatment of mild to moderate depression.Nordic journal of psychiatry,61(5), 343-348

Edwards, D., Heufelder, A., & Zimmermann, A. (2012). Therapeutic Effects and Safety of Rhodiola rosea Extract WS® 1375 in Subjects with Life‐stress Symptoms–Results of an Open‐label Study.Phytotherapy Research,26(8), 1220-1225

Goyvaerts, B., & Bruhn, S. (2012). Rhodiola rosea-Spezialextrakt SHR-5 bei Burn-out und Erschöpfungssyndrom.Erfahrungsheilkunde,61(02), 79-83

Kasper, S., & Dienel, A. (2017). Multicenter, open-label, exploratory clinical trial with Rhodiola rosea extract in patients suffering from burnout symptoms.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment,13, 889

Lee, Y., Jung, J. C., Jang, S., Kim, J., Ali, Z., Khan, I. A., & Oh, S. (2013). Anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of constituents isolated from Rhodiola rosea.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine,2013Lekomtseva, Y., Zhukova, I., & Tartakovsky, I. (2013). Therapy effects and safety of rhodiola rosea extract ws 1375 in subjects with symptoms of chronic fatigue.Бюллетень сибирской медицины,12(5), 73-75

Lekomtseva, Y., Zhukova, I., & Wacker, A. (2017). Rhodiola rosea in subjects with prolonged or chronic fatigue symptoms: results of an open-label clinical trial.Complementary medicine research,24(1), 46-52

Mao, J. J., Li, Q. S., Soeller, I., Xie, S. X., & Amsterdam, J. D. (2014). Rhodiola rosea therapy for major depressive disorder: A study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Journal of clinical trials,4, 170

Mao, J. J., Xie, S. X., Zee, J., Soeller, I., Li, Q. S., Rockwell, K., & Amsterdam, J. D. (2015). Rhodiola rosea versus sertraline for major depressive disorder: A randomized placebo-controlled trial.Phytomedicine,22(3), 394-399

Mattioli, L., Funari, C., & Perfumi, M. (2009). Effects of Rhodiola rosea L. extract on behavioural and physiological alterations induced by chronic mild stress in female rats.Journal of Psychopharmacology,23(2), 130-142

Montiel-Ruiz, R. M., González-Trujano, M. E., & Deciga-Campos, M. (2013). Synergistic interactions between the antinociceptive effect of Rhodiola rosea extract and B vitamins in the mouse formalin test.Phytomedicine,20(14), 1280-1287

Olsson, E. M., von Schéele, B., & Panossian, A. G. (2009). A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of the standardised extract shr-5 of the roots of Rhodiola rosea in the treatment of subjects with stress-related fatigue.Planta medica,75(02), 105-112

Palmeri, A., Mammana, L., Tropea, M. R., Gulisano, W., & Puzzo, D. (2016). Salidroside, a bioactive compound of rhodiola rosea, ameliorates memory and emotional behavior in adult mice.Journal of Alzheimer's Disease,52(1), 65-75

Perfumi, M., & Mattioli, L. (2007). Adaptogenic and central nervous system effects of single doses of 3% rosavin and 1% salidroside Rhodiola rosea L. extract in mice.Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives,21(1), 37-43

Shevtsov, V. A., Zholus, B. I., Shervarly, V. I., Vol'Skij, V. B., Korovin, Y. P., Khristich, M. P., ... & Wikman, G. (2003). A randomized trial of two different doses of a SHR-5 Rhodiola rosea extract versus placebo and control of capacity for mental work.Phytomedicine,10(2-3), 95-105

Shevtsov, V. A., Zholus, B. I., Shervarly, V. I., Vol'Skij, V. B., Korovin, Y. P., Khristich, M. P., ... & Wikman, G. (2003). A randomized trial of two different doses of a SHR-5 Rhodiola rosea extract versus placebo and control of capacity for mental work.Phytomedicine,10(2-3), 95-105

Spasov, A. A., Wikman, G. K., Mandrikov, V. B., Mironova, I. A., & Neumoin, V. V. (2000). A double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of the stimulating and adaptogenic effect of Rhodiola rosea SHR-5 extract on the fatigue of students caused by stress during an examination period with a repeated low-dose regimen.Phytomedicine,7(2), 85-89

Saffron

Agha‐Hosseini, M., Kashani, L., Aleyaseen, A., Ghoreishi, A., Rahmanpour, H. A. L. E. H., Zarrinara, A. R., & Akhondzadeh, S. (2008). Crocus sativus L.(saffron) in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome: a double‐blind, randomised and placebo‐controlled trial.BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology,115(4), 515-519

Akhondzadeh, S., Fallah-Pour, H., Afkham, K., Jamshidi, A. H., & Khalighi-Cigaroudi, F. (2004). Comparison of Crocus sativus L. and imipramine in the treatment of mild to moderate depression: a pilot double-blind randomized trial [ISRCTN45683816].BMC complementary and alternative medicine,4(1), 12

Akhondzadeh, S., Tahmacebi‐Pour, N., Noorbala, A. A., Amini, H., Fallah‐Pour, H., Jamshidi, A. H., & Khani, M. (2005). Crocus sativus L. in the treatment of mild to moderate depression: a double‐blind, randomized and placebo‐controlled trial.Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives,19(2), 148-151

Akhoundzadeh, B. A., Ghoreyshi, S., Nourbala, A., Akhoundzadeh, S. H., & Rezazadeh, S. A. (2008). Petal and stigma of Crocus sativus L. in the treatment of depression: a pilot double-blind randomized trial

Bangratz, M., Abdellah, S. A., Berlin, A., Blondeau, C., Guilbot, A., Dubourdeaux, M., & Lemoine, P. (2018). A preliminary assessment of a combination of rhodiola and saffron in the management of mild–moderate depression.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment,14, 1821

Basti, A. A., Moshiri, E., Noorbala, A. A., Jamshidi, A. H., Abbasi, S. H., & Akhondzadeh, S. (2007). Comparison of petal of Crocus sativus L. and fluoxetine in the treatment of depressed outpatients: a pilot double-blind randomized trial.Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry,31(2), 439-442

Beiranvand, S. P., Beiranvand, N. S., Moghadam, Z. B., Birjandi, M., Azhari, S., Rezaei, E., ... & Beiranvand, S. (2016). The effect of Crocus sativus (saffron) on the severity of premenstrual syndrome.European Journal of Integrative Medicine,8(1), 55-61

Gout, B., Bourges, C., & Paineau-Dubreuil, S. (2010). Satiereal, a Crocus sativus L extract, reduces snacking and increases satiety in a randomized placebo-controlled study of mildly overweight, healthy women.Nutrition Research,30(5), 305-313

Hosseinzadeh, H., & Noraei, N. B. (2009). Anxiolytic and hypnotic effect of Crocus sativus aqueous extract and its constituents, crocin and safranal, in mice.Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives,23(6), 768-774

Kashani, L., Eslatmanesh, S., Saedi, N., Niroomand, N., Ebrahimi, M., Hosseinian, M., ... & Akhondzadeh, S. (2017). Comparison of saffron versus fluoxetine in treatment of mild to moderate postpartum depression: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial.Pharmacopsychiatry,50(02), 64-68

Kashani, L., Esalatmanesh, S., Eftekhari, F., Salimi, S., Foroughifar, T., Etesam, F., ... & Akhondzadeh, S. (2018). Efficacy of Crocus sativus (saffron) in treatment of major depressive disorder associated with post-menopausal hot flashes: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics,297(3), 717-724

Lopresti, A. L., Drummond, P. D., Inarejos-García, A. M., & Prodanov, M. (2018). Affron®, a standardised extract from saffron (Crocus sativus L.) for the treatment of youth anxiety and depressive symptoms: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.Journal of affective disorders,232, 349-357

Moosavi, S. M., Ahmadi, M., Amini, M., & Vazirzadeh, B. (2014). The effects of 40 and 80 mg hydro-alcoholic extract of Crocus sativus in the treatment of mild to moderate depression.Journal of mazandaran university of medical sciences,24(113), 48-53

Moshiri, E., Basti, A. A., Noorbala, A. A., Jamshidi, A. H., Abbasi, S. H., & Akhondzadeh, S. (2006). Crocus sativus L.(petal) in the treatment of mild-to-moderate depression: a double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial.Phytomedicine,13(9-10), 607-611

Noorbala, A. A., Akhondzadeh, S. H., Tahmacebi-Pour, N., & Jamshidi, A. H. (2005). Hydro-alcoholic extract of Crocus sativus L. versus fluoxetine in the treatment of mild to moderate depression: a double-blind, randomized pilot trial.Journal of ethnopharmacology,97(2), 281-284

Shahmansouri, N., Farokhnia, M., Abbasi, S. H., Kassaian, S. E., Tafti, A. A. N., Gougol, A., ... & Arjmandi-Beglar, A. (2014). A randomized, double-blind, clinical trial comparing the efficacy and safety of Crocus sativus L. with fluoxetine for improving mild to moderate depression in post percutaneous coronary intervention patients.Journal of Affective disorders,155, 216-222

Talaei, A., Moghadam, M. H., Tabassi, S. A. S., & Mohajeri, S. A. (2015). Crocin, the main active saffron constituent, as an adjunctive treatment in major depressive disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot clinical trial.Journal of affective disorders,174, 51-56

Schisandra

Aslanyan, G., Amroyan, E., Gabrielyan, E., Nylander, M., Wikman, G., & Panossian, A. (2010). Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised study of single dose effects of ADAPT-232 on cognitive functions. Phytomedicine, 17(7), 494-499.

Bogatova, R. I., Shlykova, L. V., Sal'nitskiĭ, V. P., & Vikman, G. (1997). Evaluation of the effect of a single dose of phytoadaptogen on human's working ability during long-term isolation. Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina= Aerospace and environmental medicine, 31(4), 51-54.

Cao, S., Shang, H., Wu, W., Du, J., & Putheti, R. (2009). Evaluation of anti-athletic fatigue activity of Schizandra chinensis aqueous extracts in mice. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 3(11), 593-597.

Chi, A., Zhang, Y., Kang, Y., & Shen, Z. (2016). Metabolic mechanism of a polysaccharide from Schisandra chinensis to relieve chronic fatigue syndrome. International journal of biological macromolecules, 93, 322-332.

Hovhannisyan, A., Nylander, M., Wikman, G., & Panossian, A. (2015). Efficacy of Adaptogenic Supplements on Adapting to Stress: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. J Athl Enhancement 4: 4. of, 19, 2.

Narimanian, M., Badalyan, M., Panosyan, V., Gabrielyan, E., Panossian, A., Wikman, G., & Wagner, H. (2005). Impact of Chisan®(ADAPT-232) on the quality-of-life and its efficacy as an adjuvant in the treatment of acute non-specific pneumonia. Phytomedicine, 12(10), 723-729.

NISHIYAMA, N., CHU, P. J., & SAITO, H. (1996). An herbal prescription, S-113m, consisting of biota, ginseng and schizandra, improves learning performance in senescence accelerated mouse. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 19(3), 388-393.

Panossian, A., & Wagner, H. (2005). Stimulating effect of adaptogens: an overview with particular reference to their efficacy following single dose administration. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives, 19(10), 819-838.

Panossian, A., & Wikman, G. (2009). Evidence based efficacy of adaptogens in fatigue. Planta Medica, 75(09), SL29.

Panossian, A., & Wikman, G. (2010). Effects of adaptogens on the central nervous system and the molecular mechanisms associated with their stress—protective activity. Pharmaceuticals, 3(1), 188-224.